OMS ivuga ko mu gihe abana barenga 260.000 bari munsi y’imyaka itanu bapfa bazize malariya muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara, ubushakashatsi, imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo bwakozwe, bushobora kurokora ubuzima ibihumbi byinshi.
Ariko ni ryari abantu bazatangira kungukirwa ninkingo izwi nka RTS, S?
Twagiye tureba kuri ibyo nibindi bibazo byingenzi.
Ni kangahe kandi bifite umutekano?
Urukingo rwagaragaye ko rukora neza mu myaka itandatu ishize, rukumira 40% by’abandura malariya na 30% by’indwara zikomeye.
Kuva mu 2019, abashakashatsi bakoze gahunda nini yo gukingira abambere muri Gana, Kenya na Malawi.
Abana barenga 800.000 bakiriye byibuze urukingo rumwe na OMS ivuga ko nta mpungenge z’umutekano.
Ntacyo bitwaye ko uburinzi buri hasi?
Biragaragara ko byaba byiza iyo ari hejuru, ariko icyo benshi bavuga ni uko ugomba gutekereza ku gipimo cy’ikibazo – hamwe na miliyoni amagana y’imbaga, kugabanuka kwa 40% biracyari umubare munini wabantu bakigiwe.
Pedro Alonso wa OMS yatangarije BBC yibanze kuri Afurika ati: “Uru ni urukingo rukora neza… [ariko] kuzigama, kubungabunga, kwirinda 30-40% by’abantu bapfa kandi bapfa bishobora kugirira akamaro kanini abaturage.”
Inzego z’ubuzima nazo zishishikajwe no gushimangira ko uyu ari umugambi mushya mu kurwanya malariya uzakoreshwa hamwe n’izindi ngamba zo gukumira, urugero nk’inzitaramubu ziramba hamwe n’iimiti ya malariya.
Urukingo rukora rute?
Malariya ni parazite kibasira kandi kangiza ingirabuzimafatizo zacu kugira ngo cyororoke, kandi ikwirakwizwa no kurumwa n’imibu unyunyuza amaraso.
Urukingo rwibasira parazite yica kandi ikunze kugaragara muri Afurika: Plasmodium falciparum.
Iragerageza guhangana n’imiterere ya parazite yinjira mu maraso y’umurwayi nyuma gato yo kurumwa, ikabuza igice kwinjira mu ngirabuzimafatizo z’abantu bityo ikarinda indwara, nk’uko Dr Alonso yabitangaje.
Irakenewe inshuro enye kugirango rugire umumaro.
Abana bafite ikibibazo kenshi cyo guhitanwa na malariya kuko, bitandukanye nabakuze, ntabwo baba bagira iyubakwa ry’ubudahangarwa.
Bizatwara angahe kandi ninde uzishyura?
Uru rukingo rwakozwe n’igihangange mu bya farumasi GSK yiyemeje gutanga inkingo ku giciro cyo gukora hiyongereyeho 5%, ariko ntigaragaza igiciro.
Ku bijyanye no kubigura ubu bireba ibihugu n’abaterankunga gushaka amafaranga.
Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ubuzima ku isi GSK, Thomas Breuer, yatangarije BBC ati: “Umuryango mpuzamahanga utera inkunga ugomba noneho kuganira hanyuma ugahitamo uburyo bwo kugura urukingo.”
Rose Jalang’o, wafashije mu guhuza gahunda y’icyitegererezo muri Kenya, yavuze ko abayobozi bategereje ubuyobozi ku isi yose ku bijyanye n’uko uru rukingo ruzaterwa inkunga muri gahunda y’ikingira ry’igihugu.
Kugeza ubu muri Kenya, amafaranga menshi yo gukingira aturuka ku baterankunga nka Alliance Gavi ku isi ndetse na Bill na Melinda Gates Foundation.
Nihe ngengabihe yo gukwirakwiza?
Gahunda z’igerageza muri Gana, Kenya na Malawi zizakomeza. GSK ivuga ko yatanze inkingo miliyoni 10 zo kwiga kandi kugeza ubu kimwe cya kane cyayo zimaze gukoreshwa.
Isosiyete yiyemeje gutanga inkingo miliyoni 15 ku mwaka. Bwana Breuer yavuze ko niba amafaranga abonetse noneho bashobora gutangira kuboneka kugira ngo bakore cyane guhera mu mpera za 2022 cyangwa mu ntangiriro za 2023.
Ariko iyo mibare ishobora kuba idahagije. Nk’uko byatangajwe na Ashley Birkett wo muri Path, wafashije gukora kuri gahunda yo gukingira, nk’uko byatangajwe na Ashley Birkett wo muri Path, wavuze ko mu mpera z’imyaka icumi hashobora gukenerwa inkingo zigera kuri miliyoni 100.
Ni ibihe bikorwa remezo bikenewe?
Nkuko urukingo rugenewe abana bari munsi yimyaka ibiri rushobora guhuzwa nizindi gahunda zo gukingira abana bityo ntihazaba hakenewe ibikorwa remezo byiyongera.
Byakenerwa ko habaho uburezi rusange hamwe namahugurwa y’abakozi bashinzwe ubuzima.
Muri gahunda y’icyitegererezo muri Kenya, abana barenga 200.000 bakingiwe kandi byatangijwe mu cyaro no mu turere twa kure binyuze muri gahunda zo kubegereza ndetse n’amavuriro ya kure, nk’uko Dr Jalang’o yabitangarije BBC.
Ni izihe nkingo zindi zirimo gutegurwa?
Izindi nkingo zirimo gukorwa, harimo imwe yo muri kaminuza ya Oxford mu Bwongereza. Muri Mata, abashakashatsi batanze raporo ku bigeragezo hakiri kare bavuga ko byagize ingaruka 77%.
Ariko iterambere ryinkingo za malariya ninzira ndende kuko nindwara igoye cyane guhangana na Covid-19, urugero.
RTS, S ni urukingo rwa mbere rwa malariya rwanyuze mu igenzura n’ibigeragezo byose bikenewe, ariko OMS ivuga ko urukingo rwa kabiri rwa malariya “rushobora kugirira akamaro kanini kurwanya malariya” kuko rwafasha guhaza ibyifuzo byateganijwe.
